What is Jaw Tumours & Cystic Lesions?
The jaws can develop a range of lesions, many arising from tooth-forming tissues. Examples include odontogenic keratocysts, ameloblastoma, odontomas and fibro-osseous lesions. Most are benign, but some grow steadily, expand the jaw and can recur, so they need proper diagnosis and planned treatment.
Common symptoms
- Slowly increasing swelling of the jaw or face
- Loose, displaced or unerupted teeth
- Numbness of the lip or chin
- Pain, discharge or recurrent infection in some cases
- A lesion noticed on a routine dental X-ray
When to seek an assessment
Any progressive jaw swelling, unexplained numbness or loosening of teeth should be assessed. Lesions found on X-ray should be reviewed by a specialist even if there are no symptoms.
The role of an Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeon
The Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeon interprets jaw imaging, performs biopsy, and plans surgery that balances complete removal with preservation of jaw strength, teeth and nerves, including reconstruction where needed.
Diagnosis and assessment
Every plan begins with a careful consultation and clinical examination. Depending on the findings, imaging (such as an OPG X-ray, CBCT, ultrasound, CT or MRI), blood tests, or a biopsy with histopathology may be needed before a diagnosis is confirmed. Treatment is only recommended once the nature of the problem is understood.
Treatment options
The options below are a general overview. The right approach for you depends on your examination, imaging and any biopsy or pathology findings.
Biopsy
Essential to identify the exact type of lesion before definitive surgery.
Enucleation and curettage
Removal of the lesion with treatment of the surrounding bone for suitable cysts and benign tumours.
Decompression
Shrinking some large cystic lesions before final surgery to protect vital structures.
Resection and reconstruction
For aggressive tumours, removal of part of the jaw may be required, with reconstruction using plates or bone grafts.
Recovery and aftercare
- Recovery ranges from one to two weeks for smaller procedures to longer for resection
- Soft diet, oral hygiene and prescribed medicines
- Long-term clinical and X-ray follow-up, as some lesions can recur years later
- Dental rehabilitation (such as implants or prostheses) may be planned later
You will receive specific aftercare instructions for your procedure.
Referral and multidisciplinary care
Extensive tumours, those needing free-flap reconstruction, or malignant lesions may be referred to or co-managed with a tertiary maxillofacial or head & neck centre.
This page provides general information and is not a substitute for a personal consultation. Outcomes vary between individuals.
